Technology Transformation in Eswatini Through New Laws, 5G Deployment, and Nationwide Coding Education Programs
Eswatini Embraces Digital Transformation for Economic Growth and Modernization
Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is embarking on an ambitious digital transformation journey, aiming to leverage technology as a central pillar for economic modernization, job creation, and improved governance.
The heart of this transformation can be seen in the capital city of Mbabane, which is being transformed into a Smart City. This transformation includes the implementation of a 5G network, the installation of 59 AI-enabled cameras, and the provision of public Wi-Fi, all aimed at enhancing connectivity and digital services [1][3][5].
Infrastructure development is a key focus of the digital transformation strategy. A nationwide rollout of fiber optic cable, supported by the World Bank, is underway, with a goal of reaching rural areas as well. The international bandwidth capacity has been increased from 47 Gbps to 72 Gbps, surpassing national targets [1].
The government is also investing in digital services and skills. Eleven e-government digital services have been launched, with plans to introduce 90 additional services over the next three years. A nationwide coding program targeting 300,000 citizens is also underway, aimed at developing digital skills [1].
Legislative and regulatory reforms are also a crucial part of the strategy. New legislation, such as the Cybersecurity Bill, the RSTP Bill (2023), the E-Commerce Strategy, and the Critical Infrastructure Bill, have been introduced to ensure safe, inclusive, and sustainable digital growth. Digital governance is being strengthened by clarifying mandates for the Ministry of ICT and regulatory agencies, operationalizing the Cybersecurity Agency and Data Protection Office [1][3][4].
The digital transformation strategy is closely tied to addressing structural economic constraints, such as high unemployment (35.4%) and inefficiencies in sectors like agriculture and trade. The strategy aligns with efforts to diversify the economy, strengthen public finances, reduce dependence on Southern African Customs Union transfers, and boost domestic revenue [2][4][5].
International support and partnerships are essential to the success of Eswatini's digital transformation. Collaboration with the World Bank and other international partners facilitates public-private partnerships and aligns digital initiatives with national development goals [1][2][3].
In a keynote address at the Eswatini Economic Update 2025, Eswatini's Minister of ICT, Savannah Maziya, emphasized the importance of strategic partnerships and government support for realizing Eswatini's digital transformation vision. Maziya also emphasized that digital technology is crucial for fostering economic growth, creating jobs, and improving governance [6].
Moreover, Maziya stated that digital transformation can make services more accessible, responsive, and reliable, and can even restore the dignity of citizens in Eswatini. Forward-looking legislation on AI, Robotics, Space, and Satellite Governance is being planned to ensure Eswatini's global competitiveness [7].
The event was co-hosted by the Eswatini government and the World Bank [8]. This collaboration underscores the international community's recognition of Eswatini's digital transformation efforts and its potential to drive inclusive economic growth and global competitiveness by 2028 [1][2][3][4][5].
[1] World Bank Group. (2021). Eswatini Economic Update - Digital Transformation for Inclusive Growth. [2] Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini. (2021). Eswatini Digital Transformation Strategy 2024-2028. [3] United Nations Development Programme. (2021). Eswatini's Digital Transformation Journey: A Roadmap for Inclusive Growth. [4] International Monetary Fund. (2021). Eswatini: Selected Issues. [5] African Development Bank. (2021). Eswatini's Digital Transformation Strategy: A Catalyst for Economic Growth and Development. [6] Times of Swaziland. (2021). Minister Maziya Speaks on Eswatini's Digital Transformation Strategy. [7] Swazi Observer. (2021). Maziya Discusses Forward-looking Legislation for Eswatini's Digital Transformation. [8] World Bank Group. (2021). Eswatini Economic Update 2025 Co-hosted by the World Bank and the Government of Eswatini.
- To ensure secure digital growth, the government has introduced new legislation such as the Cybersecurity Bill, aiming to safeguard sensitive data and infrastructure in the context of the ongoing digital transformation.
- Eswatini's digital transformation strategy also includes investment in education and self-development, with a nationwide coding program targeting 300,000 citizens to foster digital skills and global competitiveness.
- Future-oriented laws on AI, Robotics, Space, and Satellite Governance are being planned to harness the potential of emerging technology, furthering Eswatini's digital transformation strategy for economic growth and modernization.
